Religon,+Social,+Political+&+Economical+of+London+England+in+1560-1642

« The 2 major religions in Elizabethan England were the Catholic and Protestant religions. Religions were so strong that they led to the executions of people who didn’t follow the “correct” religion. « Monarchs were either born into their positions or they married into them « The main religion was the religion that the reigning monarch supported « Schools taught the official religion that the reigning King or Queen decided on   « If you did not support the religion that the King or Queen supported, you were putting your life, wealth and freedom at risk « In the early 1500s, the people of England all practiced the Roman Catholic religion « People were very religious and were prepared to die for their beliefs « It was hard for people during that time period because they were often forced to change their religion depending on who was ruling

« Protestants are a branch of Christianity, the name simply meaning they are in “Protest” against Catholicism. « Puritans are extremely strict Protestants who wanted to rid their church of all the traces of Roman Catholicism. They had a simple lifestyle and considered pleasure or luxury to be bad.

England was a Catholic country when Henry VII was King (1484-1509). When Henry VIII was King (1509-1547), the Pope refused to grant him a divorce, so Henry split off the English Church from the Roman Church. Henry then declared himself supreme head of a new Church of England. Henry then closed down all the Roman Catholic monasteries & convents, but England only changed to Protestant religion when Henry’s son, Edward VI, became King. When Edward was King, Catholics were treated very badly.

Queen Mary I (ruled from 1553-1558, also Elizabeth’s sister) believed passionately in the Catholic religion and burned Protestants alive. She was nicknamed Bloody Mary because of this.

Queen Elizabeth I (ruled from 1558-1603, also Mary’s sister) was a Protestant and made Protestantism the official religion. However, she believed the country should not be divided over religion and that people should be able to practice the Catholic religion if they wanted, as long as doing so did not threaten peace and Queen Elizabeth’s rule over England. However, she punished the Protestants and Catholics who tried to convert people to their faiths.

Picture of Henry VII (Henry the seventh)

Picture of Henry VIII (the eighth)

King Edward (Henry's son) who was 9 when he was king!!!

Picture of Queen Mary (also known as Bloody Mary because she burned Protestants alive)

Picture of Queen Elizabeth I (the first) -Musical instruments -Dancing -Kicking footballs made out of inflated pig bladders -Archery -Simple board games such as backgammon -Poor people hunted for small birds and animals -Wealthy people chased bigger animals e.g. deer -Hunting was a popular pasttime -Theatre -Astrology -Watching animals fight a.k.a. bloodsport -Leatherworking -Gardening -Medical -Playwrights -Actors -Farmers -Seamstresses -Soldiers -Servants -Sailors -Apprentices -Lawyers -Merchants -Printers (printed books by hand. not electrical ones, obviously) -Astrologers -Mayors -Monarchs
 * HOBBIES **
 * JOBS **

-All money was in coins, there was no paper notes -the pound in the Elizabethan period is equivalent to about 400 US dollars today.
 * MONEY **

Erin

**Use Of Music, Dance and Clowning.**
Dance: Elizabethan dance varied according to the social class, royalty or nobility enjoyed the court dances that were always updated with new styles of dance from Italy, Spain and France. Dancing masters had to be suitably chosen to learn these new dances so they could be performed. While the lower classes enjoyed the more traditional country dances associated with the customs and festivals celebrated in Elizabethan England. These Elizabethan dances were highly sophisticated with many steps and stages. ** Upper class dances: ** ** The Pavane, Pavan ** - A stately court processional dance where Elizabethan couples paraded around the hall lightly touching fingers. Pavane means peacock and the name of the dance derives from the sight of the trains of the women's gowns trailing across the floor like a peacock's tail. It comprised of a pattern of five steps, hence its alternative name 'Cinque pas' ** The Galliard ** - A lively dance, originating from the fifteenth-century, which usually followed and complemented the Pavane. Queen Elizabeth the First did this dance till she was in her fifties. ** The Almain ** - the Almain was one of the Elizabethan principal accompanied by keyboard instruments and lute music ** The Volt, Volte, Lavolta - ** Elizabethan court dance was the only dance which allowed the dancers to embrace closely. In this suggestive dance the women were lifted high in the air by their male partner ** The Gavotte ** - Described by the Dancing Master Arbeau in 1588 it became known as 'La Danse Classique'. Danced in couples in a circle to a medium tempo. Developed into Kissing dance which probably accounts for its popularity! ** The Courant or Courante ** - Sophisticated, slow-moving dance which originated in France ** The Saraband ** - Another sophisticated, slow-moving dance which originated in France ** The Tourdion ** - Similar to the Galliard but a little more sedate ** Ballet **- A formal and courtly Italian dance form established at the French court in the sixteenth century, It was originally danced both by courtiers but now danced by professionals ** Saltarella, Saltarello, Salterello ** - a fast dance of Italian origin similar to the Galliard ** The Canary ** - a Spanish dance described as 'gay but nevertheless strange and fantastic with a strong barbaric flavour'. Its popularity in France led to its importation into England

** Lower Class Dances ** ** Brand, Brawle, Branle **- the first dance often performed during celebratory gatherings and was also immensely popular as a concluding dance for masque revels. This circle dance featured sideways steps ** The Jig or Gigge aka Port ** - the jig traditionally involved 'leaps' ** The Hornpipe ** - a lively dance resembling a jig which eventually became associated with sailors. Often accompanied by a pipe with a reed mouthpiece ** Roundel **- Any dances which were performed in circle also called a ring-dance ** Dump, Dumpe or Dompe ** - Dance accompanied by the lut ** Buffoons ** - Comic characters who originally featured in ritual dancing such as Morris dances. The theme survived in the Buffoon country dance and also in court masques ** Maypole Dance ** - Dated back to the English pagan era where the maypole represented a symbol of fertility. Dancers dance in a circle each holding a coloured ribbon attached to a central pole [|Galliard Dance] [|Branle] [|Horn Pipe Dance]
 * Morris Dance ** - Often danced with handkerchiefs or sticks to embellish the hand movements
 * [|The Volta] **

The interesting thing with my youtube search was that the upper class dances were easier to find that the lower classes. Obviously the richer had the power to keep these dances alive by teaching generations to come and since it was seen as intelligent and royal to dance it has carried on.

**Music:** Music was commonly used to complement dance (so dancers could dance to music) Obviously music had to played by instruments in the 16 century and the instruments were firstly accosiated with the ranges of the human voice, bass auto and soprano and then split up into four sections. Wind, string, percussion and keyboard. ** Wind instruments **: shawms, recorders , cornetti , sackbuts [|(]trombones[|)] , krumhorns , flutes and trumpet. ** String instruments: ** Lute, cittern, orpharion and bandora. ** Percussion **: Were only drums and bells in different sizes and lastly ** Keyboard **: [|organs], virginals[|.] , and harpsichord[|.]. Wind instruments such as the trumpets were used to warn/introduce royalty.

Wind Instruments:
Shawm Cornetti

String Instruments
[|Lute Picture and Sound] orpharion

Percussion Instruments:
Are the Drum and Tambourine and bells in the Pictures.

Keyboard Instruments
Virginals Harpsichord

Clowns in the 16th century where comic characters that were simpleton and knave and in a performance where usually up to no good. They would trick the characters in the play and get in the way of love, family, siblings and this would nearly always result to bring the story to its climax. For example in Commedia Dell Arte alecchino tricked Vittoria and flavio to meet in different places. In England the private fool or jester, kept at Court and in the houses of nobles, developed into the stage clown of the Elizabethan theatre, absorbing in the process some of the characteristics of the Vice in medieval, morality plays. Clowns of this type continued to appear in fairground theatres throughout the 17th and 18th centuries under such names as Pickle Herring, Jack Pudding and Merry Andrew.
 * Clowning: **