Elizabethan+World+View+(Hannah,+Ximena,+Natalie+and+Rosie)

Religion-** Hannah
 * __Elizabethan World View__
 * Science/Medicine-** Rosie
 * Politics-** Ximena
 * Society/Status-** Natalie

__RELIGION IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND__
The two major religions in Elizabethan England were the Catholic and Protestant religions. The convictions and beliefs in these different religions were so strong that they led to the executions of many adherents to both of these Elizabethan religions.

§ Reigning Monarchs dictated the 'favoured' religion! § Schools taught the official religion decreed by the reigning Queen or King § Failure to adhere to the 'favoured' religion could often lead to great danger ie- imprisonment, torture or execution! Adhering to the 'wrong' religion brought risks to personal wealth, freedom and life § Queen Mary I (r.1553-1558), Elizabeth's sister, believed passionately in the Catholic religion and persecuted Protestants who were burned alive for their beliefs ( hence her nickname Bloody Mary ) § Queen Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) succeeded her sister Queen Mary and adhered to the Protestant religion and restored Protestantism as the official religion. She did, however, firmly believe that people should be allowed to practice the Catholic religion without fear of recrimination so long as it presented no threat to peace in the realm and her rule over England § ** Act of Uniformity ** -This bill passed the House of Commons with flying colors but it only passed by 3 points in the House of Lords. This bill made it a mandate to go to Church every Sundays and holidays, with a twelve pence fine for those who failed to do so.
 * PROTESTANT OR CATHOLIC RELIGION? **

§ In the early 1500's the people of England all practised the Roman Catholic religion. The practises of the Catholic religion were questioned during the Reformation and the beliefs of men such as the German Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) prompted a new religion called Protestantism... § The term 'Protestant' was adopted when supporters of Martin Luther formally protested against efforts to limit the spread of Luther's new ideas § So what were the differences between the Catholic and Protestant religion and beliefs in Elizabethan England?
 * PROTESTANT VERSUS CATHOLIC RELIGION **

§ Elizabethan Catholics believed that Church Services and the Bible should be in Latin, as it had been for 1000 years § Elizabethan Protestants believed that Church Services and the Bible should be in the language of the people so that the ordinary people could understand them
 * ELIZABETHAN CHURCH SERVICES & THE BIBLE **

§ Elizabethan Catholics firmly believed that Priests were the link between God and the people and that the Pope was ordained by God. § Catholic Priests were viewed as special and expected to devote their lives to God and remain unmarried and wear elaborate robes § Elizabethan Protestants believed that people could find God without a priest or a Pope and that Ministers were ordinary people who should lead normal lives and wear ordinary robes
 * THE PRIESTS **

§ Elizabethan Catholics believed that Priests and the Pope were able to forgive sins - at a price. Gifts, or indulgences, were given to the church <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">§ Elizabethan Protestants believed that only God could forgive sins
 * SINS **

<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">§ Catholics believed that Churches celebrate God and elaborately decorated with statues and shrines <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">§ Protestants believed that Churches should be plain allowing the people to concentrate on the sermons
 * ELIZABETHAN CHURCHES**



=Natalie- Status and Society= = = **Rosie-science/medicine** ==


 * __Elizabethan Government - Ximena__

Structure - Monarchy. Elizabethan Government was divided into the national bodies (the monarchy, Privy Council and Parliament), the regional bodies (the Council of the North and Council of the Marches, the county and community bodies, and the court system. The monarch was Queen Elizabeth the First. The monarchs back then were very powerful (much more than monarchs are today), and there was the consequence of death if a citizen ever went against the monarchs' ruling. ** All laws made by the parliament had to be passed by the Queen, but she could not make a law without parliaments' consent either (unless she made what was called a 'Royal Proclaimation'). The Elizabethan era was considered the 'golden age' in English history, partly because Queen Elizabeth was one of the greatest monarchs to rule the country (also because of the flourish of literature). She chose good advisers, but did not let them dominate her, she was a good compromiser and was never tyrannous. Throughout her monarchy, her advisors consisted of Sir William Cecil (chief advisor), Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil (Sir William Cecil's son). Some of her important bureaucrats consisted of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon (Sir Nicholas' son), Sir Francis Knollys and Sir Walter Mildmay. Along with these, she had many favourites such as Robert Dudley, Sir Christopher Hatton and Sir Walter Raleigh.

The Privy Council was Elizabeths' group of advisors, who were mostly the men mentioned above. Their role was to suggest to the Monarch all options at hand, however if the Queen disagreed with these options they were still to follow her decision anyway. They could not make any decisions, they could only advise. The members of the Privy Council were solely there because the Queen wanted them to be, in fact Elizabeth dropped the numbers in the Privy Council from 50 to 19 to 14 to decrease the number of opinions being presented (therefore not so much debate on her options) - it was all under her rule. Sir William Cecil lead the Privy Council, as he was the most trusted by Elizabeth, he was very wise and he was also very influential. After his death, Sir Francis Walsingham lead the Privy Council, then followed by Sir Robert Cecil.
 * Privy Council.

Parliament. There was also a Parliament in the Government at the time, which divided into the House of Lords (upper class, aristocrats and bishops), and the House of Commons (middle class). However, there was no Prime Minister, like modern British parliament. The Parliament mainly dealt with financial matters (tax and granting the Queen Money). The Monarch generally funded most of the countries' spending, however the Parliament covered the cost of extraordinary expenditures, such as war, with tax. The Parliament also was supposed to advise the Queen, however she did not take much interest in anything they had to say. There were Elections only in the house of Commons, which were based mainly on who was supported by the most important people. The members of the House of Commons had to be male, and had to earn over a certain wage.

Local Governments were a few representatives in each county, that made sure the Queens' rulings were being obeyed. They were important, as they oversaw parts the Privy Council could not. They resided in a Manor in each county. Also each city and town had their own government, and mayor.
 * Local Governments.** **

Courts made up the legal system of Elizabethan England, and were how punishments were decided for big and small crimes. The Great Sessions Court of Assizes was the biggest court, and occurred twice a year. The Quarter Sessions Court occurred 4 times a year. Both these courts dealt with the more serious crimes, and The Court of Assizes was known to be very harsh. Smaller Crimes were taken to Petter Sessions Courts, Manor Courts and town courts. Offenders of high disloyalty to the Queen or other serious crimes received the death penalty, whilst offenders in smaller crimes were sent to the county jail or the stocks.
 * Courts.

//** 'The stability and structure of the government helped to allow the arts to flourish and prompted other achievements in exploration.' **//
 * //- Quote from Wikipedia//**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_government http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/361/361-15.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England#Legacy **

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