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ALICES: __What type of food/Kai was available to eat in the 1970's:__ Before and during this time some maori still used the key ingredients included kūmara (sweet potato), fern root, taro, birds and fish. Food was cooked in hangi (earth ovens), roasted and, in geothermal areas, boiled or steamed using natural hot springs and pools. Before Pakeha arrived Māori were one of the few peoples to have no form of alcoholic beverage. Following the arrival of British settlers, Māori adopted many of their foods, especially pork and potatoes any traditional food sources became scarce as introduced predators dramatically reduced bird populations, and forests were cleared for farming and timber. Traditional seafoods such as toheroa and whitebait were over-harvested. Pakeha introced the cooking of sweeter foods such as cakes, muffins, scone and desserts As New Zealand is surrounded by water (and island nation) it's inland and coastal waters were home to many fish and shellfish. This was a main source of food. Many people had a 'garden patch' where they would plant and grow their own vegetables, such as Kumara, Potato, lettuce and other green vegetables The Pakeha had shown the Maori, European food and ways of eating. e.g using a aga (fire oven) and ways of killing and preserving food. The range of food consumed thus increased.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand#M.C4.81ori_cuisine http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/tags/food

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BENS:Tikanga - What Is It? Tikanga are the customs and traditions that have been handed down through the passages of time. They come from tika ,things are true and not __teka__, things that are __false__. Hence the word is tikanga not __tekanga__. The foundations of Tikanga rest at the dawn of time, when events were happening, the worlds were being made, domains being decided, the balance was being put in place and English was not being spoken. All Tikanga stems from this time. **I nga wa o mua** translates as //__from the times of front__// but this phrase means the //__past__//. Therefore the past is always in front of us, there for guidance and the future is behind us, as very few can see the future and what it has in store for us. And looking into the past the one thing that we should realize is that Each Iwi has different Tikanga, which is tika for them. Do not judge different iwi from your own as being wrong, for what they see in their past has developed their Tikanga. Today, Tikanga is often influenced by other cultures� views and perspectives, and for Maori people searching for Tikanga today, they will find it clouded with Western Attitudes (It�s a mans� world) Christian Ideals (Church Services) and Eastern Philosophy (Mind, Body and Soul). If our Tupuna of over 300 years ago came back today, they would probably not understand half the Tikanga of today. So, how do we find the Tikanga of our Tupuna? We have to look for the Tika, and the best place to look for that is in our ancient past and within our own Wairua, for our Wairua is as old as the worlds themselves. There is often debate about the importance of tikanga. As stated in the introduction, tikanga stems from the dawn of time and therefore is the deciding factor that makes us unique as a people. Tikanga permeates throughout all aspects of life and sets the codes of conduct for all situations, from interacting with people, to preparing medicine, gathering kai (food), building marae, performing kapa haka and every other aspect of daily life. Tikanga is not theoretical but practical. It needs to be written on the heart and from there it becomes an integral part of us. By removing or forgetting our tikanga, our customs and traditions, we leave behind our tupuna and have nothing that distinguishes us from other peoples.