Year+13+Externals!!

   **Playwright ** |||| Arthur Miller |||| Tennessee Williams || **Play ** || The Crucible || The Death of a Salesman || The Glass Menagerie || Streetcar Named Desire || **Plot (Synopsis) ** || Abigail and the girls are dancing in the woods They conjure up spirits while dancing naked and they are discovered by Reverend Parris. This leads to the accusations of the girls as witches. Then to escape punishment they accuse other women of the town of being witches. This leads to trials of these women with the girls as the jury. John Proctor is having an affair with Abigail. Elizabeth Proctor knows of the affair. Abigail then accuses Elizabeth Proctor of being a witch. A doll is found in the Proctor's house and this is overwhelming evidence that she is a witch. Deputy Governor Danforth is the judge. He believes the girls are telling the truth. Meanwhile they are accusing the women whom they do not like. Reverend Hale is called in as an expert witness. He at first believes they are witches, but then he denies it and tries to help the accused. Proctor gets Mary Warren to testify against the girls. When Mary Warren enters the court room, Abigail and the other girls start to scream that she is sending her spirit upon them. Mary then afraid, accuses John Proctor of sending his spirit out upon her. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">John is now accused of being in league with the devil. He discusses the possibility of lying in order to save his life. Danforth wants him to sign a confession. This way it will show the townspeople that the witch trials are valid. John does not want to sign the confession because he doesn't want to incriminate his friends. He is then put to death, but retains his good name and pride. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Tom begins by introducing the play as a memory of his own past. The start of the play shows the Wingfield family eating dinner. Amanda keeps telling Tom to chew is food, and Tom gets thoroughly annoyed and leaves the table to smoke. Amanda tells her story of 17 gentleman callers. The next day, Laura is sitting at her desk in front of the typewriter chart when Amanda comes in angry. She asks Laura about the business college and tells Laura she found out that she dropped out. Laura explains that she couldn’t handle the class and went walking everyday. Later Amanda sits with Laura and asks her about a boy she liked. Laura points out Jim in the yearbook. Later, Tom gets into an argument with Amanda. Amanda cannot understand why Tom goes to the movies every night. Tom says he cannot stand working for the family like he does. Tom returns late at night drunk, but looses the key, Laura opens the door. The next morning, Amanda makes Tom wake up as usual and prepares him for his work. Before he leaves, she asks him to bring home a gentleman caller for Laura. That night Tom informs his mother that he asked Jim O’Conner to dinner the next day. The next day, Laura and Amanda prepare furiously for the dinner getting well dressed and decorating everything. At night, Tom arrives with Jim. After they eat dinner, the lights go out and Amanda brings out the candles. Laura sits alone with Jim. They talk for a while, and Jim kisses Laura, but regrets it. He tells her that he is already engaged, and Laura is devastated. She gives him a glass unicorn which was broken during the night. Jim says good-bye to the family and leaves. Amanda is angry with Tom for not telling them that Jim was engaged, but Tom insists that he did not know. Tom leaves never to return. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Characters ** || __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Parris - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> A minister in Salem who is more worried about his own reputation than the town or the truth. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Betty - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> Parris’ daughter. She is faint in the beginning of the play and later accuses various people for witchcraft. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Abigail - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> Parris’ niece and Proctor’s mistress. She is the leader of the girls who accuses people of witchcraft during the trial. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">John Proctor - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> Main character. He is a good man, but has committed adultery with Abigail. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Elizabeth Proctor - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">John Proctor’s wife. She is an upright woman who is accused of being a witch. She couldn’t forgive Proctor for adultery until just before he died. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">the Putnams. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Laura Wingfield - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">She is the crippled and very shy daughter of Amanda who keeps her hard pressed to finding a husband. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Tom Wingfield - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> As Laura’s sister, he is also pressed by his mother to find his sister a gentleman caller, and to keep the job at the shoe factory to support the family. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Amanda Wingfield - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> She is the mother of Tom and Laura and often digresses back to memories of her former days on the southern plantation farm and her night with 17 gentleman callers. __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Jim O’Conner - __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> He is a friend of Tom from the factory who Tom invites to dinner and Amanda treats as Laura’s first gentleman caller. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Themes ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The theme of the story was rising over adversity, and standing for the truth even to death. John, in the beginning, wanted to keep distant from the trials. He did not want to have a part, whether good or bad. When Elizabeth was arrested, he was forced to become part of it. He went to court first to set his wife free but after watching the proceedings, he saw that the evil was not only being done to his own wife but many others like his wife. As a result, he worked even harder to free the other innocent people, getting himself arrested. Despite this drawback, he did not give up. He had the chance to free himself if he testified against the others but he realized that this would be wrong, and even though he wanted to free himself, he would not if it meant bringing trouble upon others. He cleansed himself at the trial, standing for what he knew was right and died a righteous person. Though he stayed away from church, he became more pure than the common Puritans, dying as a martyr like the original apostles. He learned what truth meant through his suffering. Through Proctor’s struggle, Miller displays the struggles within each of our own hearts. Many times we have witnessed some wrong happening to some other person and wished not to get involved. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Structure/ Style ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Miller’s style is very simple. He uses simple sentences and words which are easy to understand. He brings out the evil quality of Abigail and the other girls and also the gullibility of the judges. His style is easy to understand and should be in order to be successful as a play. While using the simple style, Miller doesn’t take anything away from the suspense in the plot. The dialogues of his character are like actual speech. His words are used effectively and doesn’t include anything not necessary for making a good play. Many clever figurative devices are used. For example, Abigail says that John “sweated like a stallion.” The writing is really that memorable since it was not really written as prose or poetry. However, certain images as the one previously mentioned are hard to forget. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The organization of the play is out of the ordinary. Tom’s role as a narrator, character, and stage director is somewhat off the wall, and the use of the screen where the pictures are projected is not common. However, it does serve the purpose well as the pictures set the mood, and Tom acting as a character and narrator allows us to enter into Tom’s mind and his inner world and thoughts. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">About Playwright ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Arthur Miller was an American playwright who was born in 1915. He grew up in New York to a Jewish family. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he began to distinguish himself as a playwright. His first plays were Honors at Dawn (1936) and No Villain (1937) which won the University of Michigan Hopwood Awards. His Death of a Salesman won the Pulitzer prize in 1949. Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953 during the McCarthy period when Americans were accusing each other of Pro-Communist beliefs. Many of Miller’s friends were being attacked as communists and in 1956, Miller himself was brought before the House of Un-American Activities Committee where he was found guilty of beliefs in communism. The verdict was reversed in 1957 in an appeals court. Miller married Marylin Monroe in 1956 but divorced her in 1961. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Setting ** || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The play takes place in Salem, Massachusetts during the 17 century. Since this story is based on a true story, the setting is real. The fact that the story takes place during the 17 century is important. The community needed to be superstitious and gullible in order for this incident to actually happen. Also, the event needed to be in a Puritan society to have such an aversion to witches. People in the twentieth and even the nineteenth centuries would be too skeptical about the supernatural to believe the girls. Also, they would be likely to dismiss the act of dancing in the forest as just a little game. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The Wingfield house - This takes up most of the stage and the different room are separated by curtains. There is the living and the kitchen. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The fire escape - This is on the side of the stage and is what the characters use to get into and out of the apartment || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Features of Form ** || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Specific time and place <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Formal language structure invented for 16th Century <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4 acts: each end on high point <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Topical controversial issues addressed <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Engagement with real life <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Tragedy of ‘common man’ <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Self-examination arriving at new realisation <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Making a choice <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Self-recognition leads to destruction despite affirmation of life <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Politically challenging to current regimes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Memory play: narrator commentary as flashback <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Fluid use of time <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Atmospheric music/lighting <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Illusion/ reality <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Cutaway set with gauze screens <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Human limitations combined with high aspirations <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Sense of loss and suffering <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Symbolic poetic language <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Long monologues <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">90610 – Demonstrate knowledge of theatre form or period by analysing and interpreting two scripted texts __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Example Quote: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We do on stage things that are supposed to happen off. Which is a kind of integrity, if you look on every exit as being an entrance somewhere else (Tom Stoppard)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Features of the form may include: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Detailed stage directions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Believable characters and/or situations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Scenes of heightened reality
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Psychologically truthful characterization
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Emphasis on sub-text
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Use of symbol
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Elements of expressionism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Accuracy of dress
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">No need for ‘happy endings’
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Detailed domestic life
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Revision Table: **